干旱区内陆河流域生态系统类型及其整治途径——以新疆为例

Ecosystem Types in the Continental River Watershed of Arid Area and the Managemental Approaches——A Case Study in Xinjiang of China

干旱区内陆河流域生态系统类型 ,可按水资源的形成、转化、消耗、积蓄和排泄 ,结合地貌和植被划分为山地、水域、人工绿洲、自然绿洲和荒漠五大类型。各类型是在以荒漠为背景情况下 ,山地为基础 ,水域为主导 ,人工绿洲是核心 ,自然绿洲是屏障。流域生态系统整治途径是 :治理山区环境 ,涵养保持水源 ;合理利用水源 ,维护生态稳定 ;建设人工绿洲 ,优化生存基地 ;保护自然绿洲 ,发挥生态效益 ;防治荒漠化扩大 。

According to the formation, transition, consumption, storage and drainage of water resources as well as the landforms and vegetation, the ecosystem in the continental river watershed of arid area can be divided into five main types, i.e. the mountain, water, artificial oasis, natural oasis, and desert ecosystems. All the ecosystem types rely on the deserts as their backgrounds, the mountains as their foundations, the waters as their dominants, the artificial oases as their cores, and the natural oases as their protective screens. The improvement measures of the ecosystem in the watersheds are to improve the environment in the mountains for conserving water, to rationally utilize the water resources for maintaining a stable ecosystem, to construct the artificial oases for optimizing the living bases, and to protect the natural oases for making the ecological benefits, for controlling the desertification, and for reducing the natural hazards.