由汉画像论汉代私有兵器管制

A DISCUSSION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF PRIVATE WEAPONRY IN HAN DYNASTY ACCORDING TO HAN STONE ENGRAVINGS

有关汉代私有兵器的管制历来有两种不同的说法:一种根据文献判断,认为对私有兵器管制非常严格;另一种根据出土实物分析,判断两汉时期私人持有兵器是被当时法律允许的。两种观点互相矛盾,又难以互驳。笔者结合南阳汉画像石所出现的持兵器武士图像的种类、数量及其在两汉时期的变化情况,以及两汉时期南阳当地的冶铁制造状况,推断出汉代对于私有兵器并不是持松懈和无管制的态度。

There have been two opinions about the management of private weaponry in Han Dynasty： one is that,according to documentary,the management was very strict;the other believes that,on the basis of unearthed objects,it was legal at that time for individuals to possess weapons.These two beliefs are contradictory but it is difficult to defeat each other.Here based on the categories and number of the weaponry carried by the warriors in the engravings and the changes during the period of two Han Dynasties,together with the local iron smelting and production in Nanyang at that time,a conclusion may be reached about the attitude toward the management of weaponry then： it was not free at all.