食品安全社会成本问题:社会成本最下化的治理投入

The Issue of Social Cost of Food Safety:Governance with Lowest Social Cost

食品安全问题治理的过程的目的就是最小化社会成本。这里对食品安全问题进行一个最优的分析，一是在既定社会成本的条件下，最大化其治理结果；二是在侵害结果既定的条件下，减少社会成本的投入。总而言之，食品安全的治理是激励行为人内部化其行为导致的社会成本，这种社会成本分为由其行为引起的损失和为治理该行为付出的代价两大类。通过对治理缺口的分析，我们可以得出结论：当上一期的治理缺口大于最优的治理缺口的时候，此时的治理成本是小于最优的治理成本，在当期应当增加治理投入。反之亦然。加速器模型所表示的治理成本的投入变动速度取决于治理效果对投入的敏感性系数，敏感性系数越大，则投入的变动幅度越小。

The process of solving food safety issues is to minimize social costs. We can carry out an optimal food safety issues analysis, one is to maximize the final results with fixed social costs;the other is to reduce the social costs of governance with the given infringement. All in all, food safety governance is to inspire actors to internalize the social costs of their actions, which may lead to losses and prices paid to governing these acts. With the governance gap analysis, we can conclude that ： when the governance gap of previous period is greater than the optimal governance gap, the governance cost is less than the optimal governance cost, and there should be increased governance investment in current period, and vice versa. Speed of fluctuation of governance costs, represented by accelerator model, depends on the sensitivity coefficient of treatment effect to inputs; the greater sensitivity coefficient means the smaller the fluctuation of inputs.