济南铁路局噪声作业对职工健康的影响

Effect of noise on health of workers in Jinan Railway Bureau

目的探讨噪声作业对职工健康的影响,了解噪声作业职工疾病的患病情况,分析疾病与接触工龄及年龄之间的关系。方法对济南铁路局接触噪声的职工(424人)进行健康监护和询问调查,选择不接触噪声的职工(201人)作为对照组。结果噪声作业职工的头痛(头晕)、睡眠不足、记忆力减退、情绪不稳和全身懒倦自觉症状异常率分别为15.09%、13.92%、17.92%、16.04%和17.22%,其中头痛、睡眠不足和全身懒倦异常率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。噪声作业职工的脂肪肝、胆囊息肉、胆囊结石、肾结石和高血压的患病率分别为31.84%、1.42%、2.83%、1.89%和20.52%,肝功能、听力损伤、ST-T改变、晶状体浑浊和窦性心律异常的异常率分别为24.53%、8.49%、9.43%、0.94%和16.98%;其中肝功能、听力损伤、高血压、ST-T改变和窦性心律异常的异常率高于对照组,且随着工龄增长患病率增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论生产性噪声对接触职工的生理和心理健康有一定的影响,需进一步加强应综合防治,防止职业病发生。

[ Objective] To discuss the influence of Noise exposure on workers＇ health, to understand the disease prevalence of the workers exposed to noise, and analyze the relationship between diseases and their exposure time and age. [ Methods ] Health care and interview survey were carried out on 424 noise exposed workers, another 201 workers without noise exposure were selected as control group. [ Results ] The abnormal rates of subjective symptoms of headache （ dizziness ） , insufficient sleep, memory loss, emotional instability and systemic lazy tired were 15.09% , 13.92% , 17.92% , 16.04% and 17.22% of noise exposed workers. The abnormal rates of headache （ dizziness ） , insufficient sleep and lazy and systemic lazy tired of noise exposed workers were higher than those of the controls （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The prevalence rate of fatty liver, gallbladder polyps, gallstones, kidney stones and hypertension was 31.84%, 1.42%, 2.83%, 1.89% and 20.52%, respectively;the abnormal rate of liver function, hearing impairment, STF changes, lens opacity, and sinus rhythm was 24.53%, 8.49%, 9.43%, 0.94% and 16.98%, respectively. The abnormal rates of liver function, hearing impairment, hypertension, STT changes and sinus rhythm of noise exposed workers were higher than those of the controls, and the prevalence was significantly increased with the extending length of service （ P 〈 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion] Productive noise has a certain impact on the physiological and mental health on exposed workers. Therefore, further comprehensive prevention is needed to prevent occupational diseases.