糖尿病酮症酸中毒98例诱因调查及护理干预效果

Cause investigation and nursing intervention effect observation: 98 cases of diabetic ketoacidosis

目的探讨糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)患者的抢救措施及护理干预效果。方法调查98例DKA患者的诱发因素,并将其在护理干预前后对糖尿病防治知识知晓率和各项生化指标进行比较,并对出院后近期健康教育效果进行了调查比较。结果发病诱因主要为治疗不规范者55例(56.12%)、合并感染者32例(32.65%)、饮食不当者7例(7.14%)、无明显诱因4例(4.08%)。干预前后患者对糖尿病防治知识知晓率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),干预前后患者的各项生化指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);出院1、3月后能认真按照医嘱和住院期间所掌握的理论正确服药、合理膳食、科学锻炼、积极预防感染的患者情况进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期有效的抢救及护理干预可提高DKA的治愈率;对糖尿病患者开展有效的健康教育可有效预防DKA的发生。

[ Objective ] To explore the first-aid measures and nursing intervention effect in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis （ DKA ）. [ Methods ] The inducing factors of 98 DKA cases were investigated. The awareness rate of knowledge about diabetic pre- vention and biochemical indicators before and after nursing intervention were compared, and short-term effect of health education after discharge was investigated. [ Results] The main inducing factors were non-standard treatment （55 cases, 56.12% ）, concurrent infection （32 cases, 32.65% ） , improper diet （7 cases, 7.14% ） , and unknown causes （4 cases, 4.08% ）. There was signifi- cant difference in awareness rate of knowledge about diabetic prevention between before and after nursing intervention （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The differences in biochemical indicators between before and after intervention were statistically significant （ P 〈 0.05 ）. There was significant difference in ratio of patients, who could implement the correct medication, reasonable diet, scientific exercises and actively infection prevention according to doctor＇s advice and theory that had known during hospitalization, between 1 month and 3 months after discharge （P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion] Early and effective rescue, and nursing intervention can improve the cure rate of DKA, and the health education in diabetes patients can effectively prevent the occurrence of DKA.