邻苯二甲酸酯对女性(雌性)生殖健康危害的研究进展

Research progress on reproductive hazards caused by phthalic acid esters in women ( females)

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是一类用途广泛的环境内分泌干扰物,可通过消化道、呼吸道及皮肤接触等途径进入人体。多年来国内外学者认为它们除有致癌、致突变、致畸等作用外,还与不良妊娠结局和妊娠并发症、子宫内膜异位症、卵巢早衰、生殖系统肿瘤、性早熟等发生有一定的关系。其生殖毒性主要是通过模拟或拮抗内源性激素,并可通过干扰芳香酶活性及与激素合成运输有关的基因及蛋白的表达影响激素的合成、分泌及运输等干扰卵巢生殖及内分泌;通过引起染色体畸变、影响胎盘脂质及锌代谢、干扰细胞凋亡与细胞增殖正常生理过程等导致胎儿畸形和影响胚胎发育。但目前有关PAEs对女性生殖毒性研究结论大部分是从啮齿类动物实验和体外实验中得到的,尚缺乏其对人类生殖功能产生损害的直接证据,由于种属之间代谢差异,还有许多问题需要解决,但流行病学调查资料显示了PAEs的暴露威胁着女性的生殖健康,应给予极大的关注和重视。

The phthalic acid esters （ PAEs ） are a group of environmental endocrine disruptors, which have a wide range of uses, and it can enter the human body through the digestive tract, respiratory tract and skin contact. Many scholars, at home or abroad, have considered that PAEs not only have carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effect, but also are related to adverse pregnancy outcomes, pregnancy complications, endometriosis, ovarian premature senility, reproductive system tumor and precocious puberty. The reproductive toxicity of PAEs is mainly presented by analog or antagonism of endogenous hormone. Meanwhile, PAEs influence the reproductive and endocrine effect of the ovarian through disturbing aromatase activity, as well as the synthesis, secretion and transportation of related gene and protein expression, while it lead to fetal abnormalities and impact the embryonic development by inducing chromosome aberration, influencing the lipid and zinc metabolism of placenta, interfering with the normal physiological process of apoptosis and cell proliferation. However, most of the research conclusions about reproductive toxicity of PAEs come from rodent animal experiments and in vitro studies, and there are no direct evidences of the harm on human reproductive functions. Due to metabolic differences between species, many problems need to be solved. But the epidemiological data show that PAEs exposure would threaten women＇s reproductive health, and researchers should pay much attention to it.