建国初期《人民日报》的制度构建与内部纷争

The Institution Building and Power Conflict of the People's Daily in the Early Days of New China

1950年,在范长江同志领导下,《人民日报》经历了组织制度与思想观念等方面的重大调整,开展了从"农村办报"向"城市办报"的"大转变"。通过一系列的制度构建,范长江试图纠正《人民日报》进城后出现的"脱离实际、脱离群众、关门办报"的孤立局面。范长江早年在私营报纸《大公报》的从业经验所培养起来的新闻观念,使他力求通过对党报组织结构、个体行动方式,以及思想认知的改革与创新,为中共的城市办报设定新的办报目标和办报策略。但是,不同的新闻传统使行动者以不同的世界观来展开行动,范长江试图以城市办报方法来改造党报新闻干部习以为常的农村办报观念,并采取独断、压制甚至强迫的硬性手段来推动制度的实施,最终导致直接受制度规制的行动者展开排斥性反抗。这场新中国成立以来的第一次新闻改革,最终因"新闻本位"和"宣传本位"两种新闻观念冲突所引发的内部纷争而不得不中断。

In 1950s, led by Fan Changjiang, the People＇s Daily had undergone great transformation from rural newspapers to urban newspapers in organizational system and ideological concepts. With a series of system construction Fan Changjiang tried to change the isolated situation of separation from practice and the masses. Being once an employee of Takungpao he became a new performer under the established party newspaper system. Based on his concepts from his early experiences he tried to set up new targets and strategies for the CPC＇s urban newspaper through reform and innovation to the organizational system, behavioral and ideological ways of individuals. However, different news tradition resulted in different outlooks and measures. Fan Changjiang tried in vain to replace the conventional rural newspaper acknowledged by the journalist leaders with urban newspaper methods by forced ways and met with resistance from the established system. The first news reform since the founding of new China had to cease due to the conflicts between the news-centred concept and propaganda-centred concept and the internal consistent disputes thereof.