教育人类学视域下的非物质文化遗产传承体制研究——以河南非物质文化遗产的传承为例

Research on Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage from the Perspective of Education Anthropology:A Case Study of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Henan Province

人类学是国内外非物质文化遗产传承和研究所依托的主要学科之一,不同文化背景下非物质文化遗产的传承理念和方式是不同的。随着国家对非物质文化遗产保护工作的日益重视和非物质文化遗产自身价值的日益增加,河南作为文化资源大省,采取了一些重要措施来保护和传承非物质文化遗产。但是,近年来河南非物质文化遗产的传承也面临一些困境,存在着传统的民间艺人渐渐消失、传承人的年龄偏高、非物质文化遗产的传承缺乏法制保障、传承人缺乏自觉意识等诸多问题。从教育人类学的角度来看,教育、人和文化是相互联系的。在教育人类学的文化传承视域下,应发挥地方高校传承非物质文化遗产的优势、将非物质文化遗产融入基础教育的校本课程之中,借助现代教育唤醒人们对非物质文化遗产的保护意识,培养非物质文化遗产传承人的自觉意识等。

Anthropology is one of the main subjects that are concerned with the study of intangible cultural heritage and the inheritance concept and methods are different in different cultural backgrounds. With more importance and value attached to intangible cultural heritage in China, Henan Province has taken substantial measures to protect and inherit the intangible cultural heritage as one large province concerned. However, in protecting and inheriting the intangible cultural heritage, there are still some problems and difficulties in Henan Province for traditional folk artists are fading away, inheritance persons are tending old, there is a lacking of legal guarantee and the lineage consciousness and so on. In the eyes of education anthropology, education, man and culture are connected with each other. Based on cultural heritage perspective of education anthropology, in combination with the present inheritance situation of intangible cultural heritage of Henan province, the advantages of local colleges should be brought into full play, incorporating intangible cultural heritage into school-based curriculum of basic education, awakening people＇ s protection consciousness about the ecological environment of intangible cultural heritage on the basis of modern education.