鄂尔多斯盆地南部延7+8油层组滨浅湖滩坝体系沉积特征

Sedimentary characteristics of the shore-shallow lacustrine beach bar system of Yan 7 + 8 oil reservoirs in southern Ordos Basin

鄂南中生界侏罗系延安组发育退积型沉积层序及滨浅湖滩坝沉积体系;滨浅湖滩坝沉积体系与环绕延安期湖盆发育的曲流三角洲存在密切的共生组合关系;曲流三角洲的退积和废弃为滨浅湖滩坝体系的发育提供了物质补给。延7+8沉积时,陕北安塞-志丹地区处于延安期滨浅湖亚相区,滩坝沉积广泛发育并构成其沉积主体,可进一步细分为滨浅湖滩砂、浅湖砂坝、浅湖席状砂及浅湖泥岩4个微相类型。滩坝砂体一般位于河口的侧翼及远离河口的平坦开阔的滨浅湖环境,平行于湖岸线生长,中、细砂岩为主,发育块状层理、波状层理、斜波状层理及透镜状层理等。其中,滩砂往往呈席状分布,厚度较薄;砂坝呈条带状平行于岸线分布,厚度较大,剖面呈透镜状,底部具反粒序,中、上部发育水进层序,是滩坝体系中最具代表性的沉积。一系列滩坝砂体以不同相位复合叠加,形成顺岸分布、集中发育、绵延不断的大型富砂区带;而夹于其间的浅湖泥岩则构成了滩坝砂体的侧翼遮挡或者上覆的盖层。滨浅湖滩坝体系的沉积特征对延安组上部的储层发育与油气成藏具有重要的影响和控制作用。

Retrograding sedimentary sequence and shore-shallow lacustrine beach bar system are developed in the Meso-zoic Jurassic Yan ’ an Formation in southern Ordos Basin ,and the latter has close paragenetic relationship with the mean-dering river delta around the lake basin of the Yan ’ an stage .Retrogradation and the destruction of the meandering delta provide clastic input for the development of the low-shallow lake beach bar system .During the depostion of Yan 7＋8, An’ sai and Zhidan areas in the north of Shaaxi province were in shore-shallow lacustrine environment .Beach bar deposits were widely developed as the major part of sedimentation ,and can be divided into four microfacies types including beach sand,sand bar,sand sheet and mudstone .Generally,the beach bar sand bodies occur at the side of the river mouth and the flat open shore-shallow lake environment ,and are parallel with the lake shoreline .They are dominated by medium and fine sandstone,and have massive bedding ,wavy bedding,inclined wavy bedding and lenticular bedding ,etc.Beach sand is usually in sheet-like shape and is relatively thin.Bar sand,which is the most representative deposit of the beach bar system ,usually has banded shoreline-parallel distribution ,large thickness ,and lenticular shape on section ,reverse grading at the bottom and transgressive sequences in the middle and upper parts .A series of beach bar sandbodies superimposed with each other in different phases ,forming large-scale shoreline-parallel clustered reservoirs with high net-to-gross ratio . The mudstones of shore-shallow lake facies between the beach bars act as lateral barriers or overlying seals of the beach bar sandbodies .The sedimentary characteristics of the shore-shallow lacustrine beach bar system have significant influ-ences on reservoir development and oil/gas accumulation of the Yan ’ an Formation.