江西珍稀水鸟生存现状与保护对策

Survival Status and Conservation Strategy of Endangered Waterbirds in Poyang Lake and its Watershed

采用样线和样点法,结合文献,共记录江西省珍稀水鸟6目9科33种。重点对江西鄱阳湖及其流域部分区域的珍稀水鸟分布及其生存现状作了分析。研究结果显示,种数较多的4个目是鹳形目(8种)、雁形目(10种)、鹤形目(9种)和鸻形目(3种)。居留型方面,冬候鸟种类最多,21种。江西鄱阳湖及其流域分布的珍稀水鸟种类多、数量大,大部分种类如白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)、东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)等集中在鄱阳湖湿地,个别物种如中华秋沙鸭(Mergus squamatus)主要栖息于鄱阳湖流域。还提出相应的珍稀水鸟保护措施:减少人类活动对水鸟生存环境的影响;建立自然保护小区;从更大尺度保护水鸟;开展江西主要湖泊和流域水鸟资源的长期监测;提高公众动物保护的意识。

A total of 33 endangered species of waterbirds belonging to 9 families or 6 orders were re- corded in Poyang Lake of Jiangxi Province, using line transects, point counts and existing literatures. This paper mainly analyzed the distribution and survival status of rare waterbirds in Poyang Lake wa- tershed. Four orders had more species, such as 8 species in Ciconiiformes, 10 species in Anseri- formes,9 species in Gruiformes, and 3 species in Charadriifonnes. Winter visitors were the most a- bundant elements and had 21 species. Our investigation indicated the large number of species and in- dividuals of rare waterbirds in Poyang Lake watershed. Most endangered waterbirds such as Siberian Crane （Grus leucogeranus）, Oriental White Stork （Ciconia boyciana） mainly inhabitated in Poyang Lake. But the other endangered species such as Chinese Merganser （ Mergus squamatus） selected Poyang Lake watershed as their wintering habitats. The following conservation measures for endan-gered waterbirds should be made：decreasing the effects of human activities on environments for waterbirds, establish small nature reserve, protect waterbirds in larger scale, conduct long-term moni- toring on waterbirds in Poyang Lake and its watershed, improve the animal conservation awareness of local people.