某疗养院军队老干部膳食结构及健康状况

DIETARY PATTERN AND HEALTH STATE OF SOME MILITARY VETERAN CADRES IN A SANATORIUM

目的了解军队老干部膳食结构和营养状况及常见慢性病的性别分布情况,为改善某疗养院军队老干部营养及健康状况提供参考。方法对793例在南京军区杭州疗养院营养科疗养的军队老干部进行询问调查、医学体检、实验室检测和膳食调查。结果男性及女性老干部对肉类、蛋类、烹调油及食盐摄入量均高于推荐量,且男性摄入量远高于女性(P<0.05);男性老干部对谷类和水果的摄入不足,女性老干部摄入量均已达到或超过推荐量;男性及女性老干部对乳类,维生素A、B1、B2、钙和硒的摄入均不足;男性超重肥胖率为53.2%,明显高于女性的37.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男性老干部高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、高尿酸血症及血脂异常的患病率均高于女性(P<0.05)。结论军队男、女老干部膳食结构不够合理,对健康有一定影响,且男性老干部常见慢性病的患病率明显高于女性,应加以改善。

Objective To understand the nutritional state and dietary pattern of some military veteran ca- dres, and the different distribution of common chronic diseases between females and males, so as to provide the ba- sis for improving their health. Methods A total of 793 military veteran cadres in a sanatorium were surveyed with inquiry, medical physical examination, laboratory tests, and dietary survey. Results Both male and female cadres had excessive intake of meat, eggs, cooking oil and salt;and the intakes in male cadres were more than in t^male ones（P〈0.05 ）. The intake of cereals and fruits in male cadres was insufficient, while that in female ones met or exceeded the recommended daily allowance. The intake of milk , VA, VBt, VB2 , Ca, and Se was insufficient in both male and female cadres. The rate of overweight and obesity for male and female was 53.24%, 37.39% respective- ly （P〈0.01）. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipi- demia in male veterans were higher than in female ones（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The dietary pattern in these mili- tary veteran cadres is unreasonable, which would affect their health ; and the prevalence of common chronic diseases in male is higher than in female, so the dietary pattern should be improved.