激素性股骨头坏死模型:不同构建技术分析

Model of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head: Analysis of different construction techniques

背景:良好的股骨头坏死动物模型的建立,有助于研究股骨头坏死的发病机制,为股骨头坏死的预防和治疗提供理论依据。目的:研究内毒素脂多糖联合地塞米松注射液诱导兔股骨头坏死的实验效果。方法:新西兰大白兔36只随机分为模型组21只和对照组15只。模型组连续2 d每日经耳缘静脉注射内毒素脂多糖10μg/kg,再连续3 d,每日肌肉注射地塞米松注射液25 mg/kg;对照组注射同等剂量的生理盐水。结果与结论:模型组4周后X射线显示兔关节间隙增宽,密度增大,关节软骨下骨密度增高,股骨头变平,骨小梁模糊,软骨下骨与骨松质界限不清,在股骨头内出现斑块状高密度区域,股骨颈变短粗。双能量X射线骨密度测量仪进行股骨头局部骨密度测量,兔股骨头骨密度检测发现模型组股骨头骨密度、骨矿物质含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。组织学切片见模型组骨细胞陷窝空疏,脂肪细胞增多,部分血管栓塞,其中存活动物的骨坏死率和骨陷窝率均明显高于对照组。证实地塞米松联合脂多糖可有效建立激素性股骨头坏死模型。

BACKGROUND： To construct a normal animal model of femoral head necrosis contributes to the research of the pathogenesis of femoral head necrosis, which can provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of femoral head necrosis. OBJECTIVE： To research the experimental effect of lipopolysaccharide combined with dexamethasone injection in the induction of rabbit femoral head necrosis. METHODS： Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into model group （n=21） and control group （n=15）. The rabbits in the model group were injected with 10 pg/kg lipopolysaccharide daily and continuous for 2 days, and then injected with 25 mg/kg dexamethasone daily for 3 days continuously. The rabbits in the control group were injected with the normal saline at the same volume. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： After 4 weeks, the X-ray film of the rabbit in the model group showed the joint gaps were widened, the density was increased, the articular subchondral bone mineral density was increased, the femoral head was fiat, trabecular bone was fuzzy, the boundaries between subchondral bone and cancellous bone was unclear, and the patchy high-density areas were observed in the femoral head with shortened femoral neck. The bone mineral density of partial femoral head was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and found that the bone mineral density of femoral head and the bone mineral content of the model group were significantly lower than those of the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Histological section observation showed that the bone cell lacuna was empty and shallow, fat cells were increased and vascular thrombosis was observed, meanwhile, the osteonecrosis rate and lacunae rate of the survival animals were significantly higher than those in the control group Dexamethasone combined with lipopolysaccharide can effectively construct the model of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head.