从夫妇之义到夫妇之情——汉魏六朝弃妇诗的伦理禁忌与突破

From Arranged Marriages to Love-based Marriages——The Breakthrough of Social Restriction in Poems about Deserted Wives in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties

夫妇关系作为社会稳定的重要基础,自汉代以来,在儒家典籍中不断被理论化和神圣化,然而受生殖要求、家庭伦理规范与女子色衰爱弛等实际情况影响,弃妇仍然是不可避免地存在。在汉魏六朝夫妇之情囿于伦理禁忌的整体背景下,此时期弃妇诗作多表现"夫妇之义""夫妇之恩"的伦理规范,以及对男性哀愍的寻求,在《有所思》《白头吟》等作品中,则可看出女性对伦理规范的抗拒及对爱情的大胆追求。《古诗为焦仲卿妻作》经过三百余年的演变,在吸收同时代流传殉情故事的基础上,更是第一次昭示了对夫妇之情的宣扬,突破了原有的伦理禁忌。

The conjugal relationship, an important foundation of social stability, has been constantly theorized and sanctified in the Confucian classics since the Han Dynasty. However, because of the need for reproduction, family ethics, and the fact that affec- tion lost with beauty withering away, deserting wives was still inevitable. As social rules in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties discour- aged love-based marriages, most poems about disserted wives focused on arranged and spouse-based marriages, as well as the pursuit of men＇s sympathy. However, some poems, such as I long/＇or one and Till old and gray, showed that some women defied social regu- lations and pursued their love bravely. Southeast the love-lore peacock flies, after more than 300 years evolution, based on contempo- rary stories of dying for love, promoted love-based marriages and broke social restrictions for the first time.