从文道到意法:吕祖谦与散文学史的重要转折——兼说《古文关键》之“关键”的含义

From “Wen and Dao” to “Yi and Fa”:Lv Zu-qian and Important Transition of Prose History——On Meanings of “Keys” in The Keys to Classical Chinese Prose

吕祖谦《古文关键》的"关键"并非单指文章结构方面的起承转合,它包含四层含义:从历史角度看,八大家的议论文是古文的"关键";从作文角度看",意"和"立意"是古文的"关键";从篇章的角度看,文章的体法、篇法、句法,特别是在结构连接、起承转合方面的"变化"是文章的"关键";从审美角度看,"有力"是古文的"关键"。这些不同角度与层次的揭示,不仅为古文发展树立了标杆,而且使得散文学史开始了由道向意,由文到法,由本体论向创作论,由空廓玄简向具体实在的重要转移,将散文学史带进了新的纪元。

The word ＂Keys＂ in The Keys tp Classical Chinese Prose not only refers to ＂Starting, Reinforcement, Transition and Conclusion＂of the prose, but also includes four aspects： from a historical perspective, essays of eight prose masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties are the ＂Keys＂; from the perspective of creation, ideas and themes are vital; from the perspective of the text, changes in genre, structures and sentences, especially in coherence and transition are critical; in view of aestheticism, ＂strength＂ is the ＂Key＂. All these, from different perspectives and at various levels, have set a benchmark for the development of classical Chinese prose, and help transit the focus of prose from ＂Dao＂to ＂Yi＂; from ＂Wen＂ to ＂Fa＂; from ontology to creation theory; from being ab- stract to becoming real and concrete. Thus, Chinese prose ushered in a new era.