重庆三峡库区乡村聚落空间分布探析

Analysis of Rural Settlements Spatial Distribution Pattern in Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Area

基于对重庆三峡库区地理环境基础和经济社会发展概况的认识,通过实地调研并结合文献资料,采用PSR剖析了影响重庆三峡库区乡村聚落分布的自然力(自然环境基础)和非自然力(包括区位力、经济力、社会力、政治力)的作用,揭示了重庆三峡库区乡村聚落的空间分布及其演变特征。结果表明:(1)重庆三峡库区乡村聚落分布呈现明显的地域分异,可以划分为:平行岭谷区河谷平坝与缓丘通达良好高度聚集型、岩溶低山与中山槽谷一般通达松散聚集型、平行岭谷丘陵与低山一般通达松散团聚型、低山与中山山麓及盆地通达良好松散聚集型、低山与中山一般通达松散团聚型、低山与中山岭谷封闭散居孤立型、低山与中山坡地封闭散居孤立型等地域类型;(2)上述乡村聚落地域类型空间发展呈现集聚与扩散并行的总体特点,具体表现为聚集型分布—网络扩展并行、团聚型分布—带状伸展并进、散居型分布—串珠状伸延并存等演进类型;(3)非自然力是驱动重庆三峡库区乡村聚落分布与演进的重要力量,但自然地理环境因素的基础制约作用也十分明显。

Based on the physical geographic and social economic situation,field survey and literatures,followed the principles of the PSR（pressure-state-response）model,the natural（physical geographic situation） and non natural（including location,economic,social and political factors）factors determining rural settlements distribution was analyed and the rule of its distribution and evolution was explained.The results are shown as follows：（1）in spatial distribution pattern,the rural settlements in Chongqing three gorges reservoir area are characterized by evident spatial variability,which can be divided into seven types,such as highaccessibility dense-clump pattern of shallow hilly and flatland region in paralleled ridge-valley,normal-accessibility loose-clump pattern in Karst low mountain and middle mountain trough valley area,normal-accessibility loose-aggregate pattern in paralleled ridge-valley hilly and low mountain area,high-accessibility loose-clump pattern in low and middle mountain ridge and basin area,normal-accessibility loose-aggregate pattern in low and middle mountain area,blocked loose-isolation pattern in low and middle mountain ridge area,blocked loose-isolation pattern in low and middle mountain slope area;（2）the evolution of rural settlements is characterized by simultaneous occurrences of agglomeration and diffusion pattern,such as clustered and net pattern,conglomerate and belt pattern,isolation and beads pattern;（3）the natural factors（physical geographic situation）significantly affect the spatial distribution pattern and evolution of rural settlements in Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir although the non natural factors are important driving force.