自然生草对梨园小气候生态因子和果实品质的影响研究

Effect of Sod Culture on Ecological Factors to Orchard Microcli mate and Fruit Quality of Pear

以盛果期"翠冠"梨为试材,研究了梨园自然生草和清耕条件下梨树叶片光合特性、冠层间反射光谱成分、气温、土壤温度及果实品质的差异。结果表明,自然生草与清耕处理的叶片光合日变化在春、夏两季表现出相同的作用规律,但夏季清耕处理的光合"午休"现象更严重。自然生草显著提高了梨树叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率和光能利用效率,而水分利用效率、蓝紫光和红橙光强度、红光/远红光比值则低于清耕处理。自然生草显著降低了夏季梨树冠层最高温度、平均温度和土壤温度,显著增加了梨的单果重和产量,增加产值3 088元/667m2。

A field experiment was conducted to study the variation of leaf photosynthetic characteristics, reflectance spectroscopy composition, air temperature, soil temperature and fruit quality of 10-year-old＇ Cuiguan＇ pear planted with different managements by clean tillage and sod culture. The results showed that diurnal variation of leaf photosynthesis in spring and summer displayed the same function pattern under the two managements. However, more severe midday depression of photosynthesis was observed in summer under sod culture. The rate of photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration, light use efficiency were obviously improved under sod culture, but water use efficiency, blue-purple light intensity, red-orange light intensity, and red/far red ratio under the sod culture system was lower than that of clean tillage. The highest air temperature, average air temperature, and soil temperature were significantly decreased in summer under the sod culture system, and individual fruit weight, yield were also significantly improved, thus output value was increased by 3 088 Yuan/667 m2.