氧化塘/人工湿地工艺净化微污染养殖池水体

Purification of Micro-polluted Water in Aquaculture Pond by Integrated Oxidation Pond and Constructed Wetland System

大量富营养物质沉积于池底，造成池塘老化，养殖环境劣化，严重危害健康养殖生产。采用氧化塘／人工湿地复合系统净化上海市崇明岛前卫村中心湖养殖池塘的微污染水体，氧化塘内的纤维填料采用人工方式挂膜，上面附着的大量黄褐色絮状污泥与纤维填料立体交织在一起，形成了无数张“网”，强化了微生物的种类和浓度，形成了藻菌共生体系；人工湿地内的陶粒基质比表面积大，易于微生物附着生长和吸附悬浮物。运行显示，该系统对COD、TN、TP、SS、叶绿素a的去除率分别为（38．3％-59．4％）、（20．5％-60．2％）、（43．9％-58．7％）、（66．7％～95．2％）、（15．7％～50．7％）；净化效果呈现出季节性变化，夏季的净化效果最好。系统的最大处理水量可达441．5m^3／d，中心湖池塘的蓄水量约为7．0×10^4m^3，因而湖水的最小交换时间约为170d。

Large amount of eutrophic substances deposited at the bottom of a pond caused the pond aging and deterioration of aquaculture environment, which was harmful to a healthy aquaculture and production. The integrated oxidation pond and constructed wetland system was used to purify micro-polluted water in an aquaculture pond at Centre Lake in Qianwei Village, Chongming Island, Shanghai. In the ox- idation pond, fibre packing was implanted evenly while microorganisms took fibre packing as carrier. The biofilm on the fibre packing was cultivated and domesticated by precoating treatment with aerobic activated sludge. The structures reinforced the functions of microorganisms to form the symbiotic relationship between algae and bacteria. Ceramsite with large specific surface area in constructed wetlands was favorable for the attached growth of microorganisms and suspended matter absorption. As a result, the removal rates of COD, TN, TP, SS and chlorophyll-a by the integrated system were 38.3% to 59.4%, 20.5% to 60.2%, 43.9% to 58.7%, 66.7% to 95.2% and 15.7% to 50.7%, respectively. The treatment efficiency showed a seasonal variation, in which the best season was summer. The maximum treatment capacity of the integrated system was 441. 5 m3/d. The storage capacity of the aquaeuhure pond was 70 000 m3. This means that a cycle of water exchange between the aquaculture pond and the integrated system would take 170 d.