近代汉语“流星”介词

“Meteor” Preposition in Modern Chinese

近代汉语中的新生介词,有的继续沿用,有的像"流星"一样消失了。这些介词新生的动因主要源自动词源义特征、形态成分类推、表意需求和古白话句法结构及介词系统特征;新生介词的消失动因主要源自语义特征复杂、形态成分类推过度、介词系统成员竞争和词汇语义系统更替。与语法化理论相参照,介词"流星"现象显示出一些汉语语法化的特点。

Among newly born prepositions in modern Chinese, some are still in use, yet the rest disappeared as ＂meteors＂. The major motivations leading to the innovation of these prepositions are： features of verbal original semantics, analogy of morphological morph, the needs of expressing meaning with preposition, features of ancient vernacular syntactic structure and prepositional systems; the major motivations leading to the disappearance of these prepositions are： the complexity of their semantic characteristics, excessive deduction of components of morphological morph, the competition among members in prepositional system and the substitution of verbal semantic system. In reference to grammaticalization theory, prepositions as ＂meteors＂ have also revealed some features of Chinese grasrmaaticalization.