开封方言表示可能的“得”和“得能”

On Possibility De(得) and Deneng(得能) in Kaifeng(开封) Dialect

开封方言中"得"和"得能"都可以表示可能意义,但用法不同。除"得"的否定用法较为自由外,"得"的肯定用法和"得能"只出现在特定的结构中,具有独特的表达效果。"得"用作助动词始于先秦,"得能"的出现源于助动词"得""能"的连用,在元明时期已经复合成词,开封方言的"得"和"得能"是对历史上这些用法的继承。

In Kaifeng（开封） Dialect, de（得） and deneng（得能） are the same in expressing the meaning of possibility, but different in their collocations and pragmatic values. The usage of negative structure of de（得） is quite free, while the affirmative structure of de（得） and deneng（得能） only appear in some specific structures. In the Pre-Qin（秦） Dynasty de（得） was used as an auxiliary verb, which contributed to the formation of deneng（得能） by using the auxiliary verbs de（得） and neng（能） together. The compound deneng（得能） was traced back to the Yuan（元） and Ming（明） Dynasty. These two words, de（得） and deneng（得能） in Kaifeng（开封） dialect, have inherited these historic usages in Chinese.