石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料研究进展

Recent Advances in Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites

石墨烯是由单层碳原子通过共价键结合形成的二维片层状结构,是一种新型碳类纳米材料,具有优异的力学、电学和热学等性能,被认为是一种非常有前景的材料,近年来广泛用于改性各种聚合物。本文回顾了石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料的制备方法、性能和应用现状;综述了石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料的强度、刚度、韧性、电学和热学等性能的研究进展。主要内容包括石墨烯改性聚合物常见的3种制备方法(溶液共混、熔融共混和原位聚合)及其对石墨烯在聚合物基体中分散性的影响,石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料力学性能变化规律与作用机理,石墨烯微观结构等因素对材料热学性能以及导电阈值的影响等;讨论了石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料的潜在应用和面临的挑战和机遇,并展望了其低成本产业化的发展前景。

Graphene, the two-dimensional sp2-hybridized carbon, is currently the most intensively studied material. The unique structural elements endow graphene with excellent electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. Recently, graphene has been widely used to prepare polymer-based nanocomposites. However, the application of graphene in polymer is challenged by issues of production, storage and processing. This article reviews the state-of-the-art progress in the fabrication, properties and potential applications of graphene/ polymer nanocomposites. Three main routes （solution blending, melt mixing and in situ polymerization） used to produce the graphene/ polymer composite materials are introduced, and the processing on the micro-structures of graphene in various polymer matrices is also introduced. The strategies to tailor the strength, stiffness and toughness, electrical and thermal properties of the graphene/polynmer composites are summarized. Generally speaking, chemical modifications including covalent and non-covalent interactions are helpful to improve the dispersion/exfoliation and interface in the composites. The mechanical properties including modulus, strength and toughness of the graphene/polymer are related with these parameters. Moreover, the influence of graphene on the thermal and electrical properties of the polymer composites is further reviewed. In addition, the challenges and applications of the graphene/polymer composites associated with the production, processing and performance enhancement are discussed. Future perspectives for production of graphene/ polymer composites in a large quantity at low cost are also put forward.