几种鲑鳟鱼血清蛋白非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的研究

SERUM PROTEIN OF SEVERAL SALMONS BY NATIVE POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

采用非变性聚丙烯凝胶电泳的方法分析了硬头鳟、金鳟、虹鳟、北极红点鲑和溪红点鲑血清蛋白的组成成分及其含量。结果显示,硬头鳟、金鳟和虹鳟三者之间的遗传距离最小,硬头鳟、金鳟和虹鳟三者与溪红点鲑的遗传距离最大;硬头鳟、金鳟和虹鳟三者与北极红点鲑处于同一亚组,而溪红点鲑独处于另一亚组。研究结果表明硬头鳟、金鳟和虹鳟三者与溪红点鲑的亲缘关系远于与北极红点鲑的关系;同时还表明,以聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析鲑鳟鱼血清蛋白的方法简单易行、重复性好。本研究结果对鲑鳟鱼的种属鉴定、良种选育、品种改良和遗传结构分析提供了试验依据;虹鳟的繁养殖需进一步规范化和标准化,减少蛋白遗传基因的流失,从根本上预防大规模疾病的暴发。

The serum protein composition and its content of steelhead （Salmo gairdneri）, golden trout （Salmo gairdneri）, rainbow trout （Salmo gairdneri）, Arctic char （Salvelinus alpinus Linnaeus）, and brook trout （Salvelinus fontinalus Mitchill） were analyzed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results show least genetic distance among the steelhead, golden trout, and rainbow trout, and the largest genetic distance trouts （steelhead, golden trout, rainbow trout） and brook trout, and were in the same subgroup with Arctic char, indicating that trouts and brook trout have closer phylogenetic relationships in comparison with Arctic char. Electrophoretogram analysis on serum protein in several salmons was proved as a simple, reproducible method, for providing experimental data for species identification, breeding selection, varieties improvement, and genetic structure analysis of salmons. Rainbow trout propagation and culture need to be further standardized in order to reduce the loss of protein genes, and prevent large-scale disease outbreaks of trouts.