美国残疾人支持性就业的发展及对我国的启示

The Development of Supported Employment in the US and Its Implications for China

作为残疾人就业的一种新模式,支持性就业旨在帮助残疾人在融合的环境中获得竞争性工作及竞争性工资。文章通过梳理美国支持性就业的发展历程,发现其支持性就业取得不错成绩,如规模不断扩大,经济效益显著,政府开支节约,企业观念发生转变;自我就业颇受青睐等;但同时也存在质量不高,就业机会不足,法律政策冲突,各种资源利用有限,自我就业阻力重重等问题。美国支持性就业启示我国:应通过各种途径推广支持性就业,立法明确其发展方向,构建以残疾人为中心的支持服务网络,做好残疾人就业转衔服务,建立灵活的福利和保障体系,采取措施促进残疾人自我就业。

Supported employment, a new model for the employment of those with disabilities, aims to help them to obtain competitive jobs and salaries in an integral environment. This study, through a review of the de- velopments of supported employment in the US, finds the following： the US has made great achievements in sup- ported employment, such as the expanding scale of supported employment, the outstanding economic benefits, the cost-saving government, the changing concepts of enterprises, and the favored self-employment; but there are al- so problems in the country： the low quality of service, the insufficient job opportunities, the conflicts between laws and policies, the limited use of resources, and the obstacles in serf-employment. 3his provides enlighten- ment for China： it is supposed to promote supported employment through various channels, specify its objectives through legislations, build a disabled persons-centered service network, establish a linking-up system for the em- ployment of disabled persons, construct a flexible system for the welfare and protection of disabled persons, and take measures to promote disabled persons＇ self-employment.