全球气候变化、温室气体减排与公平正义发展——基于经济学视角的分析

Global Climate Change,Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions,and Fair and Just Development——From the Perspective of Economics

气候变化经济学以经济学的分析方法为基础,结合气候变化的外部性、风险与不确定性等特征,重点分析气候变化的经济影响、各种减排方案及政策工具在公平、效率等方面的比较,以期使国际气候治理制度满足公平、效率与可持续性要求。文章从气候变化经济学的起源与学科属性、气候变化的经济学特征、不同气候政策评估模型、减排方案及政策工具的比较等五个方面综述了这一学科的发展历程与最新成果,并指出了当前研究存在的不足之处与未来的发展方向。

The economics of climate change is based on the analysis methods of economics, and is combined with the characteristics of climate change such as externalities, risk and uncertainties. It focuses on the eco- nomic effects of climate change and the comparison of various kinds of programs on reducing greenhouse gas e- missions and their policy instruments in terms of efficiency and fairness, so as to make international climate sys- tems meet the requirements of fairness, efficiency and sustainability. In five aspects, namely the origin and at- tribute of the subject, the economic characteristics of climate change, the comparison of different policy instru- ments, climate policy assessment models and emissions abatement programs, this paper presents the history and the latest achievements of the economics of climate change and points out the inadequacies of the subject at this stage and the future research direction.