需求方缺陷、供给方缺陷与精明买家——政府购买公共服务的困境与破解之道

The Demand- side Imperfections,Supply- side Imperfections and Smart Buyers: Dilemma for Government Services Outsourcing and Its Solution

政府购买公共服务因其在促进政府职能转变、降低服务成本和提高服务效率方面的优势而备受推崇,成为全球公共治理中的一种流行做法。但是实践表明,政府购买公共服务并非总能成功,失败的案例并不少见,必须打破"一买就灵"的神话,不能用改革的激情取代改革的理性。审视政府购买公共服务的困境,需求方缺陷和供给方缺陷是政府面临的最大挑战,能否成功地超越和克服需求方缺陷和供给方缺陷,是决定政府购买公共服务成败的关键所在。为此,要切实加强政府能力建设,通过责任机制的构建、决策机制的优化以及学习型政府的创建,全面改善和提升政府的议程设定能力、学习能力和合同监管能力,同时注重加大对社会组织的扶持力度,加快培育和规范服务购买市场,努力成为一个精明买家,在公共服务购买中为公众做个好交易。

As a reform tool of marketization, and for its advantages of promoting the shift in government func- tion, reducing costs and raising efficiency of services, government public services outsourcing has become well - respected and popular in contemporary public management around the world. It seems that the trend of public service outsourcing is inevitable. However, some reform practice has proved that government service outsourcing is not always successful. There are some unsuccessful cases that remind us that we need to break the myth of public outsourcing and cannot apply passion instead of rationality to reform. Examining the dilemma of public services outsourcing, we argue that demand - side imperfections and supply - side imperfections are severe challenges for reformers. Whether the government can successfully exceed and overcome demand - side imper- fections and supply - side imperfections is the key to successful public services outsourcing. Therefore, in order to improve and enhance the agenda setting ability, learning ability, contract making and regulation ability of the government, it is necessary to strengthen capability construction through building an accountability mechanism, policy - making mechanism and a learning government. In addition, the government needs to increase support for civil organizations and rapidly cultivate and regulate the service outsourcing market, try to be a smart buyer and a good government, and make a good deal for the public.