中国“第二代民族政策”思路与俄罗斯民族政策的异同

The Similarities and Differences between “the Second Generation National Policy”Thinking in China and Russian National Policy

2011年有学者提出"第二代民族政策"思路,在我国学界引起极大反响。目前,中国民族关系形势整体和谐,但在某些边疆民族地区存在着民族分裂的暗流,这一威胁的存在,凸显了加紧推进国家认同巩固国家统一,防止民族分裂主义兴风作浪的迫切性。中国"民族区域自治"政策与苏联民族政策理论同源,1991年以后,俄罗斯吸取苏联解体的教训,对民族政策进行了调整,基本是成功的。对俄罗斯民族政策调整与中国"第二代民族政策"思路进行比较分析发现,二者在民族政策调整的思路上基本契合。然而,中国与俄罗斯国情不同,我国需要根据自己的情况确定是否借鉴、借鉴哪些俄罗斯的经验来完善自己的民族政策。

In 2011, a expert provided ＂the second generation national policy＂ thinking, which arose a huge echo in our country. At present, the situation of national relationship has an overall harmony in China, but there still exist undercurrent of nationalsplittism. The existence of this threat highlights the urgency of pushing national identity and consolidating the national unity, and of preventing nationalsplittism makes trouble. Regional autonomy of ethnic minorities in China and the Soviet Union national policy theory has the same source. After 1991, Russia absorbed the lesson of state breakdown of Soviet Union, adjusted national policy and had a success basically. Through the analysis between the adjustment of the Soviet Union national policy and the regional autonomy of ethnic minorities in China, they have the same thinking way about national policy adjustment basically. However, there are different situation in the two countries, we need to judge if we could use the experience from Russia to complete our own national policy.