风电机组塔筒结构绕流风场的数值模拟研究

Numerical simulation of wind flow around wind turbine tower

为研究风电机组塔筒结构的气动力特性,基于ANSYS软件,建立了塔筒结构的简化模型并对其进行绕流风场的数值模拟分析,主要探讨了塔筒结构表面风压分布特征,风场风速、湍流度及不同高度比对塔筒表面风压分布的影响.结果显示,圆锥塔筒结构背风面在绕流作用下沿高度方向由上向下形成连续几个回流区,导致背风面受到正压作用;不同风速只有对塔筒背风表面压力大小有较之明显影响,而对塔筒迎风面及侧风面压力大小影响很小;湍流强度对模型表面风压系数大小有不同程度的影响,随着湍流强度的增加,模型侧面(大部区域)、背风表面的压力绝对值相应减小;不同高度比对模型表面风压分布有显著影响.研究结论可为风力发电机塔筒结构的设计提供参考.

Based on ANSYS software, a numerical simulation of wind flow around the wind turbine tower was carried out on a simplified model to reveal the aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbine tower structure, the distribution characteristics of surface wind pressures, the influences of wind speed, turbulence intensity, and different height ratio on the tower surface pressures were discussed. Results show that, several continuous recirculation zones are formed on leeward along tower height from top to bottom, lead to pressure on the wall of leeward is positive; wind speed only has an obvious effect on leeward surface pressure of the tower, has little effect on the windward, side walls of tower; turbulence intensity has a different degree effect on model surface wind pressures, the absolute value of surface pressures on the side walls （large area）, leeward are reduced with the increase of turbulence intensity; the height ratio has a significant influence on wind pressures on the model surface. The conclusions provide references for the designing of the wind turbine tower.