硝态氮的淋洗及其影响因素

Nitrate Nitrogen Leaching and Factors Influencing It

本文对影响硝态氮淋洗的灌溉与降水、施肥、土壤性质、植被、耕作等因素的研究结果分别进行了分析和总结 ,指出硝态氮的淋洗是这些因素共同作用的结果 ,提出了防止和减少硝态氮淋失的主要措施。这些措施包括施肥与作物需肥相配合、改进肥料施用技术、平衡施肥、合理限量使用肥料、缓效肥的施用、控制灌溉量 ,掌握最佳灌水时期以及调整作物类型等。

On the basis of the studies conducted in China and the world, the paper summarizes effects of irrigation, precipitation, fertilization, soil property, vegetation and cultivation on nitrate nitrogen leaching. All the factors above influence nitrate nitrogen leaching together. The management measures available for preventing or minimizing nitrate leaching include optimization of the rate and timing of N application and irrigation, improved fertilization techniques, balanced fertilization, use of slowly-released fertilizer, and rational rotations.