腹部手术患者术后压疮危险因素分析

Analysis of risk factors of postoperative bedsore on patients with abdominal operations

目的 探讨腹部手术患者发生术后压疮的风险因素及护理对策分析.方法 选择2012年2～8月于广西医科大学第一附属医院住院的454例腹部手术患者,观察患者术后压疮发生情况,收集患者术前、术后及术中可能与压疮发生的相关因素,采用单因素Logistic回归分析患者压疮发生的相关因素,采用多因素Logistic回归分析手术患者压疮发生的危险因素.结果 单因素Logistic回归分析显示：年龄、体重指数异常、术前体温异常、合并严重内科疾病、大量输血、冲洗体腔、手术时间及术后低蛋白与腹部手术患者的压疮发生具有相关性（P＜0.05）.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄（P=0.000,OR=3.174）、术前体温异常（P=0.001,OR=2.915）、大量输血（P=0.016,OR=1.429）、手术时间（P=0.000,OR=4.157）及术后低蛋白（P=0.000,OR=4.802）是腹部手术患者压疮发生的独立危险因素.结论 腹部手术患者发生术后压疮的危险因素较多,术前要注意对患者进行风险评估,积极给予护理干预,降低患者压疮发生风险.

Objective To investigate the risk factor and nursing strategy of postoperative bedsore in patients with abdominal operation.Methods 454 cases of patients with abdominal operations in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from February to August 2012 were selected,then postoperative bedsore was observed,and correlative factors of postoperative bedsore were collected,correlative factors of postoperative bedsore were analyzed by single-factor Logistic analysis,risk factors of postoperative bedsore were analyzed by multi-factor Logistic regression analysis.Results Single-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that age,body mass index,preoperative abnormal temperature,severe medical complication,considerable blood transfusion,douching coelom,operation time and postoperative low protein were relevant to postoperative bedsore （P ＜ 0.05）.Multi-factorial Logistic regression analysis showed that the age （P =0.000,OR =3.174）,preoperative abnormal temperature （P =0.001,OR =2.915）,considerable blood transfusion （P =0.016,OR =1.429）,operation time （P =0.000,OR =4.157） and postoperative low protein （P =0.000,OR =4.802） were risk factors of postoperative bedsore.Conclusion There are more risk factors of postoperative bedsore in patients with abdominal operations,so risk appraisal and nursing should be taken before operation,in order to decrease the risk of postoperative bedsore.