黔中黄壤丘陵旱坡地不同耕作栽培技术对水土流失及作物产量的影响

Effect of Different Techniques of Farming and Cultivation on Soil and Water Erosion in Yellow Upland Sloping Field

通过定点、定位、定坡度、定土壤类型 ,于 1997～ 1999年在贵州省长顺县凯佐乡设置了不同耕作栽培技术的试验研究。结果表明 :黔中黄壤丘陵旱坡地 (坡度 11～ 13°)不同耕作栽培技术对水土流失及作物产量影响极大。顺坡平作水土流失最大 ,横坡少耕最小。作物产量最高的为横坡聚土盖膜 ,其土壤侵蚀量达无明显侵蚀的国家标准。土壤侵蚀与降水径流同步发生 ,主要集中于每年的 6月份 ,土壤侵蚀量占全年的 2 / 3以上。

The different techniques of farming and cultivation were studied on yellow upland sloping field by fixed sites, positions, gradients and soil types. The results show that the techniques of farming and cultivation play an important effect on soil and water erosion and crop yield on yellow sloping field (gradient 11～13°). The straight plowing along the sloping level causes the maximum loss of soil and water, and the less plowing along the cross sloping field show the imimum loss of soil and water. The highest yield is harvested on the cross sloping field with ridge culture and covering with the film, and its erosion amount of soil reaches the state standard of no obvious erosion. The synchronisation of soil erosion and precepitation run off is mainly centralized in June, and its erosion amount of soil hold over 2/3 in a year.