美洲斑潜蝇的生物学特性及其发生原因

Biological Characteristics of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and its Occurrence

美洲斑潜蝇是 1995年黔东南州首次发现的一种严重危害蔬菜、花卉及烤烟等作物的多食性检疫害虫 ,成虫和幼虫均危害作物地上部叶片及叶柄 ,一般被害叶率 15%～ 50 % ,严重时达85%以上 ,造成受害叶大量枯黄脱落 ,减产 30 %以上。室内饲养和田间观察表明 ,该虫的发育受温度影响较大 ,一年完成 12～ 14代 ,无明显越冬现象 ,只要月平均温在 10℃以上就有虫活动 ;成虫寿命3～ 15d,每头雌虫产卵 60～ 2 0 0粒 ;卵历期 4～ 16d,幼虫期 3～ 2 0 d,蛹历期 6～ 30 d。

Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, a polyphagous quarantined pest, which severely damages yields of vegetables, flowers and tobacco, was first found in Qiandongnan prefecture in 1995, The aerial leave and leaf stalk of crop were damaged by adult and larva, and the percentage of injury is generally 15%～50%, and over 85% in the serious situation, which caused output feduction over 30% because of a vast amount of abscission of the diseased leavel. The results from room raise and field survey indicate that the development of the pest is greatly effected by temperature. It may produce 12～14 generations a year. The pest can exist when the mean monthly temperature is over 10℃. The life span of adult is about 3～15 d and a female pest can produce 60～200 eggs. The phases of egg, larva and pupa are 4～16 d, 3～20 d and 6～30 d respectively. The favorable period for controlling the pest is in early spring and autumn sowing.