2008—2012年哈尔滨市人间布鲁杆菌病疫情监测结果分析

Monitoring results of human brucellosis epidemic from 2008 to 2012 in Harbin

目的分析2008—2012年哈尔滨市人间布鲁杆菌病（简称布病）疫情监测结果，掌握哈尔滨市布病疫情的流行特点，为制订防治对策提供科学依据。方法根据2008—2010年《中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统》中相关信息和市级监测点监测结果（包括流行病学调查和血清学监测），分析哈尔滨市布病疫情的流行特点（包括地区、时间、人群分布）。结果2008—2012年，哈尔滨市共报告布病病例1348例，发病率由2008年的1．79／10万上升到2012年的4．62／10万；除平房区（2008—2011年）和方正县（2009、2011年）部分年份没有布病疫情外，哈尔滨市18个区（县、市）5年间均有布病病例报告，其中依兰县发病最多（382例），而双城市和宾县2012年布病发病人数大幅上升，分别为111和73例；布病发病时间集中在3—7月份，占全年发病总人数的62．54％（843／1348）；年龄分布以30～60岁青壮年为主（71．59％，965／1348）；性别分布以男性为主（75．45％，1017／1348）；职业分布以农民为主（84．87％，1144／1348），学生、家务职业5年间发病人数也较高（4．23％，57／1348和2．52％，34／1348）。2008—2012年，市级监测点共进行流行病学调查13010人，其中血清学检测2695人，布病血清学阳性率为3．93％（106／2695），呈逐年上升趋势。结论哈尔滨市人间布病发病率逐年上升，发病季节集中在春夏季，以青壮年男性高发，职业以农民为主要发病人群，学生、家务工作者也有发病。建议进一步加强监测点监测，及时分析、通报疫情，为保障消灭传染源各项措施落实到位，应大力开展健康教育，加强部门协作，为切实控制疫情蔓延提供科学依据。

Objective As brucellosis epidemic is constantly rising in Harbin in recent years, we analyze the epidemic and surveillance results at municipal surveillance spots of brucellosis from 2008 to 2012, to find out the epidemic characteristics of Harbin brucellosis, and to provide scientific evidences for development of countermeasures. Methods Brucellosis surveillance data which were collected from the ＂National Diseases Surveillance Information Management System＂ from 2008 to 2010, the epidemic characteristics of Harbin brucellosis （including regional, time and population distribution） and the municipal surveillance results in Harbin （including epidemiological investigation and serological surveillance） were analyzed. Results A total of 1348 cases of brucellosis were reported in Harbin from 2008 to 2012, and the incidence of brucellosis increased from 1.79 per 100 000 to 4.62 per 100 000; in addition to Pingfang District （2008 - 2011 ） and Fangzheng County （2009 and 2011 ）, all eighteen districts （counties or cities） in Harbin had reported epidemic in the past five years, the highest incidence was in Yilan （382 eases）, and the incidence was significantly increased in Shuangeheng （111 cases） and Binxian（73 cases） in 2012; the time of onset focused on March to July, which accounted for 62.54%（843/1348） of annual incidence; age distribution, mainly young adults aged 30 to 60（71.59%, 965/1348）; gender distribution predominantly male （75.45%, 1017/1348） ; occupational distribution farmers （ 84.87%, 1144/1348）, and the number of infected students and house workers were also high in the past five years（4.23%, 57/1348 and 2.52%, 34/1348）. In the municipal surveillance spots from 2008 to 2012, 13 010 cases were surveyed, of which 2695 cases received serological test, the positive rate was 3.93% （106/2695）, and the positive rate was increasing year by year.Conclusions The incidence of Harbin brucellosis is increasing year by year, onset season mainly in the spring and summer, young men with a high incidence, and farmers are main professional people. Brucellosis has also occurred among students, domestic workers, which should be vigilant. Therefore, we should further strengthen surveillance, timely analyze and report the epidemic, and provide a scientific basis to ensure each measure of eliminating the sources of infection put in place, vigorously develop health education, strengthen inter-departments cooperation, and control the spread of epidemic.