2011年重庆市学龄儿童甲状腺容积的调查分析

Survey of thyroid volume of school children of Chongqing in 2011

目的分析重庆市学龄儿童甲状腺容积的现状及影响因素。方法2011年，在重庆市采用按人口比例概率抽样法（PPS法），抽取30个调查点，在每个调查点抽取1所小学，再从每所小学中抽取8～10岁儿童40名作为调查对象，采用B超法调查儿童甲状腺容积，同时测量儿童身高、体质量。对儿童性别、年龄、身高、体质量与甲状腺容积的关系进行分析。结果本次调查重庆市8-10岁1322名儿童，甲状腺容积中位数为3．53ml．肿大率为5．52％（73／1322）。男、女性儿童甲状腺容积分别为3．55、3．51ml，组间比较差异无统计学意义（H=0．68，P〉0．05）；8、9、10岁儿童甲状腺容积中位数分别为3.30、3．53、3．76ml，组间比较差异有统计学意义（H=52．49，P〈0．01）；身高（cm）分组为110-、120-、130-、140-组的甲状腺容积中位数分别为2．96、3．22、3．59、4．13ml。组间比较差异有统计学意义（H=149．23，P〈0．01）、体质量（kg）分组为17-、20-、30-、40-组的甲状腺容积分别为2．71、3.31、3．91、4．74ml，组间比较差异有统计学意义（H=138．44，P〈0．01）。年龄、身高、体质量与甲状腺容积之间均有相关关系（Spearman相关系数分别为0．2411、0．3950、0．4285，P均〈0．01；偏相关系数分别为0．0619、0．0749、0．2319，P均〈0．05）。年龄、身高、体质量三者的标准偏回归系数（0．0640、0．1154、0．3410）之比为l：1．8：5．3，体质量对甲状腺容积的作用是年龄的5.3倍，身高的3．0倍。结论重庆市学龄儿童甲状腺肿大率相对较高，甲状腺容积受其体质量、身高、年龄等因素影响，与碘营养的关系有待于进一步研究。

Objective To find out the current thyroid volume of school children and its influencing factors in Chongqing. Methods Probability sampling method （PPS） was used to select 30 counties in Chongqing in 2011. Forty children aged 8 - 10 of 1 randomly selected school from every county chosen were enrolled in the study. Thyroid volume of children was examined by B-ultrasonograghy. Body height and body weight were measured. The relationship between gender, age, height and weight and thyroid volume was analyzed, respectively. Results One thousand three hundred and twenty-two children aged 8 - 10 were investigated. The median of thyroid volume was 3.53 ml. The goiter rate was 5.52% （73/1322）. Thyroid volume of female and male was 3.55 and 3.51 ml, respectively. There was no significant difference of thyroid volume between female and male （H = 0.68, P 〉 0.05 ）. Thyroid volume of children aged 8, 9 and 10 was 3.30, 3.53 and 3.76 ml, respectively. There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different age groups（H = 52.49, P 〈 0.01 ）. Thyroid volume of children height （110 - , 120 - , 130 - and ≥140 cm, respectively） was 2.96, 3.22, 3.59 and 4.13 ml. There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different height groups （H = 149.23, P 〈 0.01 ）. Thyroid volume of children weight（17 - , 20 - , 30 - and ≥40 kg, respectively） was 2.71, 3.31, 3.91 and 4.74 ml. There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different weight groups （H = 138.44, P 〈 0.01 ）. For the coefficients of simple and partial correlation, there was a significant correlation between thyroid volume and age, height andweight （P 〈 0.05）. The Spearman coefficient was 0.2411, 0.3950 and 0.4285, respectively. The partial correlation coefficient was 0.0640, 0.1154 and 0.2319; respectively. The standard partial coefficient of age, height and weight was 0.640, 0.1154 and 0.3410, respectively. The proportion of the standard partial coefficients was 1 ： 1.8 ： 5.3. The function of body weight to thyroid volume was 5.3 times that of age and 3.0 times that of body height. Conclusions The goiter rate of schoolchildren in Chongqing is relatively high. Thyroid volume is affected by age, body height and body weight. The relationship between thyroid volume and iodine nutrition needs further study.