黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市梅里斯区布鲁杆菌病防治健康教育和行为干预效果评价

Evaluation of a health education project on brucellosis and behavioral intervention in Mehlis District, QiqiharCity, Heilongjiang Province

目的评估齐齐哈尔市梅里斯区布鲁杆菌病健康教育和行为干预效果，为布病防治提供科学依据。方法采用分层抽样方法，在梅里斯区6个乡抽取目标人群开展布病常识知识问卷基线调查，抽取其中4个乡为干预乡，2个乡为对照乡，在干预乡开展健康教育和行为习惯干预，干预后，对干预乡和对照乡目标人群进行布病常识知识和高危行为问卷调查。结果干预后干预乡目标人群感染常识知识平均知晓率84．33％（5237／6210）高于干预前53．56％（2003／3740，X^2=112．49，P〈0．01）。并且高于干预后对照乡平均知晓率54．15％（1787／3300，X^2=101．53，P〈0．01）。干预乡预防常识平均知晓率干预后82．13％（2550／3105）高于干预前58．77％（1099／1870，X^2=57．19，P〈0．01），干预后预防常识平均知晓率干预乡明显高于对照乡的70．36％（1161／1650，X^2=25．49，P〈0．01）。干预前干预乡布病治疗常识知晓率知晓率为36．80％（116／299），干预后提高到76．36％（436／571，X^2=119．38，P〈0．01）；干预后干预乡知晓率明显高于对照乡知晓率（33．72％，88／261，X^2=139．69，P〈0．01）。在干预乡布病高危行为调查，除了“牛羊定期免疫”正确率干预乡目标人群（35．91％，121／337）、对照乡目标人群（32．01％，97／303，）（X^2=1．08，P〉0．05）没有差别外，其他“处理流产物”、“宰杀牲畜”、“给牛羊接生”、“剪羊毛”、“圈舍定期消毒”高危行为防护正确率都是干预乡明显高于对照乡的农民[89．83％（106／118）、91．07％（51／56）、84．75％（150／177）、66．67％（32／48）、73．78％（242／328），51．22％（42／82）、75．56％（34／45）、33．69％（63／187）、27．78％（15／54）、21．63％（61／282），X^2值分别为38．00、5．82、103．84、15．84、173．67，P均〈0．05]。结论实施健康教育和行为干预措施后目标人群布病防治知识知晓率和高危行为正确率显著提高，达到了预期效果。

Objective To evaluate the effects of a health education and behavior intervention project, and to provide a scientific basis for brucellosis control. Methods By stratified cluster sampling method, target population from 6 township in Meilisi District were randomly selected to carry out baseline survey. Of these 6 townships 4 were selected as intervention townships, and two as control townships. A health education and behavior intervention program was carried out in intervention townships, and after intervention target population from 6 township were participated in the questionnaire survey. Results Awareness rate of common sense knowledge of farmers in intervention townships was 84.33% （5237/6210） after intervention which was significantly higher than 53.56%（2003/3740）, before the intervention（X^2= 112.49, P 〈 0.01）, and also higher than 54.15% （1787/3300） of the control after the intervention （X^2 = 101.53, P 〈 0.01）. Average awareness rate（82.13%, 2550/3105） of common sense on prevention after intervention was significantly higher than 58.77%（1099/1870） before the intervention （X^2 = 57.19, P 〈 0.01）. After intervention, average awareness rate of common sense on prevention was significantly higher than that of the average of control townships（70.36%, 1161/1650, X^2 = 25.49, P 〈 0.01）. The awareness rate of treatment before intervention was 36.80% （116/299）, which increased to 76.36% （436/571）after intervention （X^2 = 119.38, P 〈 0.01）. After the intervention the awareness rate of intervention townships was significantly higher than that of the controls （33.72%,88/261, X^2 = 139.69, P 〈 0.01）. In survey of these high-risk behavior in intervention townships, in addition to ＂cattle and sheep which were regularly immunized＂ in the interventiontownships （35.91%, 121/337）, and the control townships （32.01%, 97/303, X^2 = 1.08, P 〉 0.05） and their difference was not significant, other processing such as＂apoblema＂, ＂killing cattle＂, ＂sheep, cattle to deliver＂, ＂cutting the wool＂, ＂regular disinfection＂, and accuracy of high-risk behavior protection were significantly higher than those of controls[89.83%（106/l18）, 91.07%（51/56）, 84.75%（150/177）, 66.67%（32/48）, 73.78%（242/328）, 51.22% （42/82）, 75.56%（34/45）, 33.69%（63/187）, 27.78%（15/54）, 21.63%（61/282）, ~z value were 38.00, 5.82, 103.84, 15.84 and 173.67, all P 〈 0.05]. Conclusion After implementation of health education and behavioral intervention, farmers brucellosis prevention knowledge and awareness of risk behaviors have significantly improved, which have achieved the desired effect.