大数据时代下美国地质调查局的科学新观

Earth science research in U.S. Geological Survey under the Big Data Revolution

2010年,美国地质调查局为适应社会需求,将以往以学科为主线的组织架构调整为以重大问题为主线,新增了核心科学体系的科学使命,并于2012年制定和发布了《美国地质调查局核心科学体系科学战略(2013—2023)》,作为其今后10年核心科学研究的纲领。该战略是美国地质调查局在"大数据时代"的背景下提出的地球科学研究的新思维,将临界带视为其重点研究对象,按生态系统的内在逻辑构建了模块式科学框架,突出数据密集型科学研究新范式与地球科学研究的结合,以期形成为变化世界服务的科学体系,以增强地质调查满足社会需求的能力和解决复杂的经济-社会问题的能力,也代表了地球系统科学未来发展的一个新方向。

USGS realigned the management and budget structure, changing it from a structure associated with such scientific disciplines as geography, geology, biology and hydrology to an issue-based organization for meeting evolving societal challenges in 2010. In June 2012, USGS published Science Strategy for Core Science Systems in the U.S. Geological Survey （2013--2023） as its core science re search guiding principle for a long-term period. The strategy is a new earth sciences research thought raised by the USGS under the Big Data Revolution. In the science strategy, characterizing, synthesizing, and understanding the critical zone through a modular sci- ence framework become major tasks in the USGS. In the strategy, the USGS emphasizes the combination of the data-intensive scien- tific discovery and the earth science to fostering the development of new synthetical products demanded by science for a changing wodd. Strengthening the power to meet the evolving societal needs and the power to answer more complex societal challenges is one of the aims of the strategy. The strategy represents a new developing direction for the study of the earth system science.