夏末商初都邑分析之一——二里头遗址与偃师商城遗存比较

Capitals and Cities in Late Xia and Early Shang Period:Comparing Erlitou and Yanshi

本文按照二里头遗址第四期与偃师商城第一期同时而分属夏商文化的观点,根据已有发现,比较了二者文化遗存的景况。发现除府库与池苑为偃师商城特殊设施,在二里头遗址还未发现外,其它诸多方面,如遗址面积、宫城与宫殿建筑规模、墓葬数量与随葬品的丰俭程度、手工业作坊规格等,偃师商城第一期都较二里头遗址第四期逊色。到底二者孰主孰次?偃师商城第一期遗存是否与成汤亳都匹配?需认真思考。

It is believed that phase IV of Erlitou site and phase I of ancient Shang city at Yanshi are contemporaneous but belong to the Xia and Shang cultures respectively. After a comparative study, the author finds out that official repository, pond and channels are particular to Yanshi; phase I of Yanshi is smaller than phase IV of Erlitou in terms of size, scale of palace city and architecture, number of burials and burial objects and size of handicraft workshops. Which site was more important？ Was phase I of Yanshi the capital Bo？ These are questions that scholars must ask.