20世纪台湾客家采茶戏的发展与衍进

Development of the Taiwan Hakka Tea-picking Drama in the 20th Century

客家采茶戏自清末传入台湾后,逐渐在台湾客家地区生根发芽,成为台湾众多戏曲剧种中风格独特的民间戏曲。随着1895年台湾割让于日本和1945年光复后国民党的入台统治,其政治和文化经历了百余年的曲折进程,客家采茶戏在台湾岛屿区域内与大陆的采茶戏并行发展。由于多剧种在其较小的岛屿空间内近距离的互相影响与高度融合,台湾采茶戏与大陆采茶戏有着相异的发展历程和状态,更多地融合了京剧、歌仔戏、四平戏等戏剧的演唱、表演、剧目、舞台、程式等因素,呈现出更具包容性和涵化力的特性。本文通过梳理台湾客家采茶戏在20世纪的曲折发展历程,探讨和分析在中华传统文明大语境下,台湾客家采茶戏在相异的政治经济环境中所经历的不同发展境遇。

Since the late Qing Dynast, Hakka tea-picking drama was introduced into Taiwan, then took root in Taiwan Hakka region, and became a unique style in Taiwan. In 1895,Taiwan was cede to Japan.in 1945, Taiwan was recovered, under the nationalist rule, and its politics and culture experienced the hard process of hundred years, Hakka tea-picking dramas in Taiwan and the mainland are developing paralleled. Due to many different types of dramas in the small island space it is easily to influenced and fused by others, tea-picking drama in Taiwan has the different status and courses, and it is fused by singing, drama, plays, stage, programming in Peking Opera,Ge-Zai opera and Siping play etc, showing a property with capacityandacculturation.Thisarticlewilldiscussthedifferences of development of Taiwan Hakka tea-picking drama and mainland's,fromtheangleofdevelopmentinthe20thcentury.