动态观照下的言语规范与言语创新——当下言语规范状况的检视与批评

The Standard and Innovation of the Language in the Dynamic System——Review and Criticism of Present Language Standard

新世纪以来,新媒体的迅速发展提供了便利的公众言语平台,个体言语与公众言语之间的界定越来越模糊。因对公众言语规范标准、言语语用效果与言语影响缺乏认识,诸多言语个体,尤其是具有言语表率作用的大众传媒、公众人物与部门缺乏规范观念,言语频频失范,拥趸者盲目模仿、推衍,又因公众言语规范管理相对滞后,造成汉语言语质量严重下降。公众言语失范主要表现在言语失误、言语偏误、语用偏误三方面。解决言语失范问题需要深究言语失范的原因、剖析言语失范的影响;需要正确认识语言能力与语言创新,辨明言语创新的语用价值;需要确定公众言语规范的基准、语效、伦理三项衡量尺度,言语规范的衡量标准要向公众普及;需要加强言语规范的法律监督与公众监督,划清公众言语责任范围,以使公众逐步提高言语规范意识,改善社会言语质量。

The rapid development for newmedia has since the newcentury provided more convenient public speech platform,based on which the individual speech and public speech are defined more and more obscurely. As there is lack of understanding of code standard of public speech,speech pragmatic effect and speech influence,many speech individuals,especially the mass media,public figure and department which have speech example function lack code concept,and speech is anomic,and advocates of speech carry out imitation and development blindly,and management for code of public speech is lagged behind,all of which cause Chinese verbal quality to seriously decline,among which speech errors,speech bias error,pragmatics bias error and verbal information falsehood are the major expression for anomie of public speech. For that reason,in order to solve the verbal quality problem,it is necessary to go deeply into the cause of speech anomie and analyze the influence of speech anomie,confirm the levels of measurement of standard,verbal effect and ethics of public speech code,popularize the measurement criteria for speech code to the public,and strengthen the legal supervision and public supervision on the speech code and make a clear distinction between scopes of the public speech responsibilities,thus making the public gradually improve verbal code awareness and improving social verbal quality.