状态与特质之分:来自社会创造性的证据

State and Trait: The Evidence from Social Creativity

以整群取样的方式选取650名小学儿童,采用社会创造性故事情境问卷、小学儿童社会创造性倾向问卷,分别测量了儿童在问题情境中的社会创造性和日常生活中的社会创造性,同时采用小五人格学生问卷中的开放性分量表、Rosenberg(1965)编制的自尊量表以及互联网使用偏好问卷中的(网络交往)信息交流偏好分量表,考察了儿童问题情境中的社会创造性与日常生活中的社会创造性的特点和性质。结果表明:(1)二者的发展趋势有所不同,儿童在问题情境中的创造性得分总体上呈现"倒Z形"的发展趋势,而日常生活中的创造性倾向总体上呈现"U形"发展趋势;(2)两种社会创造性与经验开放性、自尊及网络交往(信息交流)偏好呈现不同的相关,日常生活中的社会创造性与经验开放性、自尊及网络交往偏好均具有极其显著的正相关,问题情境中的社会创造性与经验开放性、自尊之间也具有显著正相关,但相关系数较低,而且与网络交往偏好无显著相关;(3)经验开放性、自尊和网络交往偏好均可以显著地预测日常生活中的社会创造性,而难以预测问题情境中的社会创造性。这表明,社会创造性可能存在状态与特质之分。

In order to investigate the characteristics of social creativity in problem solving situation and stable social creativity in daily life, 650 elementary school children selected by group sampling were measured by the questionnaires. The questionnaire of story situation about social creativity was adopted to measure their social creativity in the problem situation; the questionnaire of social creativity of elementary school children was adopted to measure their persistent social creativity in daily life. The subscale of openness to experience in the questionnaire of five personality factors for elementary school children, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and the information communication subseale in the questionnaire of internet use preference were also adopted to analyze the characteristics and nature of social creativity in problem situation and social creativity in daily life. The results indicated that, firstly, the developmental trajectories of two types of social creativity differ from each other, and the scores of social creativity in problem situations showed the ＂inverted Z＂ curve, however, the social creativity in daily life of children showed the ＂ U-shaped＂ curve; secondly, two types of social creativity had different associations with openness to experience, self-esteem, and information communication preference of children, and the social creativity in daily life was correlated positively with openness to experience, self-esteem, and information communication preference, however, social creativity in the problem situation was correlated with openness to experience, self-esteem with low correlation coefficients, and meanwhile was not associated with the information communication preference; finally, openness to experience, self-esteem, and information communication by internet could predict significantly the social creativity in daily life instead of that in the problem situation. The results indicated that there may be state creativity and trait creativity which differs from each other.