冲击载荷对大豆发芽率的影响研究

Impact Ioad Has Influence on Germination Percentage of Soybean Seed

大豆种子的质量是决定其是否高产的关键因素。由于我国大部分地区的大豆脱粒机是采用打击原理设计的,对大豆籽粒存在较大的损害,因此严重影响了种子在田间的发芽率及植株的生长发育。为了避免大豆籽粒在脱粒时因受过大的机械损伤而使其发芽率受到影响,需要了解大豆籽粒的冲击破碎原理,对不同品种的大豆进行冲击破碎实验。为此,利用跌落式冲击装置进行试验,结合冲击块落地末速度,计算大豆和冲击块碰撞过程中力的相互关系,运用碰撞动量法来计算冲击块对大豆的破坏程度。研究结果表明:随着冲击块高度的提升,大豆所受的冲量增加,发芽率降低;在所受冲量相同时,不同冲击面下发芽率存在显著的差异,A面发芽率最高,C面发芽率最低;在同一冲击面、相同冲量下,不同品种抵抗冲击的能力不同,6号发芽率最高,1号发芽率最低。研究结果为进一步探索大豆种子的力学性质、研究新型低损伤的大豆脱粒机提供了参考。

the quality of soybean seed is the key of the high yield soybean,in most regions of China the soybean thresher is design in using blow principle,So there is greater damage to soybean grain,then this seriouly impact the seed germination and the development process of the whole plant.In order to reduce the mechanical damage on the influence of the germination rate when threshing soybean,we need to understand the impact of soybean grain crushing principle,to impact crushing experiments of different varieties of soybeans.We use drop type to impact device test,combining with impact block at the end of the landing speed calculation soybeans and impact block collision force in the process of mutual relations,then use transporting momentum of the impact method to calculate impact block to soybean damage.The results of the study show that： with the ascending impact block height,the impulse of soybean bears increases,the germination rate reduce,when impulsing in phase,the germination percentage of soybean seeds at diferent impact locations were significantly diferent.A surface＇s germination percentage is the highest,C surface＇s germination percentage is the lowest;In the same impact surface,the same impulse,the different varieties＇ ability of resistance impact are different,6＇sgermination rate is the highest,1＇s germination rate is the lowest.The results of the study provide reference to further exploring in the mechanics properties of the soybean seed and further studing of the new type of low damage soybean thresher.