医院2011年抗菌药物使用分析

Analysis of administration of antibiotics in pharmacy in 2011

目的分析医院2011年抗菌药物使用情况,总结当前抗菌药物临床应用现象,为临床合理用药提供指导,有效降低细菌耐药性的产生,加强医院感染控制。方法随机抽取医院2011年抗菌药物药品的出库记录,对抗菌药物种类和药品进行排序。结果共纳入15 788份处方,2011年医院使用排名前5位的抗菌药物种类为喹诺酮类、头孢菌素类、青霉素类、硝基咪唑类和大环内酯类,分别占24.18%、15.96%、11.71%、10.95%、8.77%;使用数量排名前10位的抗菌药物为左氧氟沙星、阿莫西林、甲硝唑和头孢哌酮、阿奇霉素、头孢吡肟、头孢丙烯、头孢地尼、哌拉西林/舒巴坦、克拉霉素,分别占21.71%、8.04%、4.71%、4.29%、3.86%、3.20%、2.44%、2.00%、1.64%、1.37%。结论喹诺酮类和头孢菌素类在医院使用较为普遍,青霉素类抗菌药物仍然占有很大比例,临床应该根据药敏试验的结果,合理选择有效的抗菌药物,避免经验性用药。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical application status of antibiotics and summarizes the current phenomenon of clinical application of antibiotics so as to improve the management level on drug quality, effectively reduce the generation of drug resistance of bacteria, and strengthen the control of nosocomiai infections. METHODS The antibiotic outbound records were randomly selected in 2011, and the types of antibiotics and drugs were sorted and ordered. RESULTS A total of 15788 prescriptions were collected; the four most commontypes of antibiotics were as follows： quinolones, cephalosporins, penicillins, nitroimidazoles, and macrolides, accounting for 24.18%, 15.96%, 11.71 %, 10.95%, and 8.77%, respectively; the antibiotics with the sorts ranking the top 10 were respectively as follows ： levofloxacin, amoxicillin, metronidazole and cefoperazone, azithromycin, cefepime, cefprozil, cefdinir, piperacillin-tazobactam, and clarithromycin, accounting for 21.71 %, 8.04 %, 4.71%, 4.29 %, 3.86 %, 3.20 %, 2.44 %,2.00 %, 1.64 %, and 1.37 %, respectively. CONCLUSION Quinolones and cephalosporins are commonly used in the hospital, and penicillins remain occupying a very large proportion; it is necessary to rea- sonably used antibiotics based on the result of drug susceptibility testing so as to avoid the empirical medication.