Ⅰ型过敏试验动物模型比较研究

Comparative Study on Animal Models for Evaluating Type Ⅰ Allergy

目的:通过观察速发型过敏反应发生时的敏感指标的含量变化,比较常用于中药注射剂速发型过敏反应的几种动物模型的优劣。方法:①以卵蛋白为致敏原,直接对SD大鼠、BN大鼠、豚鼠进行致敏和激发,通过观察过敏反应的症状,ELISA法测量血清中的IgE、组胺、类胰蛋白酶以及β-氨基己糖苷酶的含量变化。②SD大鼠皮下注射致敏后的动物血清进行被动皮肤过敏试验,观察大鼠皮下是否出现蓝斑以及蓝斑面积。结果:①在致敏和激发途径、注射卵蛋白的剂量、次数、间隔时间相同的情况下,SD大鼠、BN大鼠、豚鼠血清中IgE、组胺、类胰蛋白酶以及β-氨基己糖苷酶的含量与相应的生理盐水组比均具有显著性的差异。其中豚鼠血清中IgE、类胰蛋白酶以及β-氨基己糖苷酶的变化率均高于SD大鼠和BN大鼠。BN大鼠血清中的组胺变化率高于豚鼠和SD大鼠。②被动过敏试验显示:BN大鼠卵蛋白组在SD大鼠上可造成明显的蓝斑。结论:仅采用豚鼠作为评价中药注射剂过敏反应的动物模型尚不能完全反映注射剂是否能引起过敏反应,增加不同品种试验动物以及相关检测指标,能更加全面的评价中药注射剂的致敏性。

Objective： Through the observing changes of sensitive indexes of allergic reaction,several animal models were used to compare sensitivity as allergen assessment of animal models.Method： ①BN rats,SD rats and guinea pigs were sensitized by ovalburmin（OVA）,the symptoms,the degree of allergic response were observed,the level of immunoglobulin E（IgE）,histamine,（TPS） and（β-Hex） in serum were determined by ELISA assay.②The sera were also applied for passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test（PCA test） in SD rats.Result： ① The changes of serum IgE,histamine,TPS and β-Hex concentration were with significant compared with control group.The rate of change of IgE,TPS and β-Hex in guinea pigs was higher than that in BN rat group and SD rat group.The rate of change of histamine in BN rats was higher than that in guinea pigs and SD rats.②PCA test by using sera from OVA group of BN rats after irritations showed the strong positive result characterized by large amount of subcutaneous effusions of Evans blue in SD rats.Conclusion： Guinea-pig was not the suitable for assay of the anaphylactoid reaction caused by injection.That the different animal species and observation indexes should be applied to evaluate the potential ASA detection induced by traditional Chinese medicine injections may be more comprehensive and acceptable.