论元代法律中没有“十恶”体系

No “十恶”("Ten-Vicious-Crimes")System in the Laws of the YuanDynasty

在看到的相关论著中,都认为元代与之前的其他王朝一样,存在"十恶"这一刑名体系。本文的基本观点是,元代司法中没有"十恶"刑名,间或出现的"十恶"只是体现在某些行政管理方面,其最基本的价值与意义已经与传统不同。文章据元代法律《至元新格》、《至正条格》与《大元通制》等的相关条文和体例,蒙古大汗的诏书,《元典章》中的相关材料和一些具体的司法案例等,论述了上述观点;同时对《经世大典》、《元史》、《元典章》等材料中出现的"十恶"内容逐一进行了剖析。最后指出,元代之所以呈现这样的情况,根本原因在于蒙古与汉人传统文化之间的差异与冲突。

In the relevant studies,it is said that the Yuan Dynasty had a '十恶 '('TenVicious-Crime') system like other dynasties before the Yuan Dynasty in Chinese history.According to the laws and rules such as Zhiyuan Xinge,Zhizheng Tiaoge,and DayuanTongzhi,as well as the imperial edicts of Mongol Khan,regulations in the Yuan Dianzhang,and judicial practice,this paper argued that there was no '十恶' system in the laws of the Yuan Dynasty.Although the term '十恶' could be seen in the relative administrative literature,it has different significance compared with the traditional '十恶'.The paper also analyzed the terms and cases relevant in the Jingshi Dadian,Yuan History,and Yuan Dianzhang.The author claimed that the primary cause of the above was the conflict and difference between the Han cultural tradition and the Mongol cultural tradition.