飞行器变体机翼结构设计与仿真

Simulation Research on Morphing Wing Based on Sea Gull Morphology

针对变体飞行器在低雷诺数下机动性能力不足并且稳定性差的问题,设计提出一种新型变体机翼构型。首先深入研究海鸥的骨骼结构与飞行中的气动外形配置,利用空气动力学对海鸥气动力参数进行估算,计算所得气动参数基本满足海鸥实际飞行要求。进而抽象简化海鸥翅膀骨骼羽毛结构,并改变关节角度适合变体机翼的四自由度机构,采用气动布局分析与设计软件对机构进行仿真,优化结果能实现海鸥飞行的各种姿态外形例如起飞\降落、巡航、俯冲的同时又有较高升阻比。表明大尺度的变体可以显著改变飞行器的升力、阻力和升阻比,能够使可变体飞行器自主适应多种环境和任务,因而在全飞行周期中比传统固定外形飞行器具有更优的性能。

An adaptive air foil wing was developed to improve the maneuverability and stability of air vehicles flying at low Reynolds numbers.We studied the sea gull bone structure and flying pneumatic shape configuration indepths.We evaluated the lift-to-drag ratio of the sea gull by utilizing aerodynamics.The result shows that it satisfies the actual flying condition.And then simplified sea gull wing bones and feather structure,we designed a morphing wing with four freedoms that can change joint angles purposefully.A vortex-lattice computational aerodynamics package was used to simulate the flight characteristics of various aircraft configurations.The results showe the department of joint angles in order to allow the vehicles to configure for missions with disparate aerodynamic requirements,such as takeoff／landing,cruise and deep descend.The results demonstrate that large scale morphing can considerably change the aerodynamic characteristics of a flight vehicle,such as its lift,drag and lift-to-drag ratio,etc.,which can enable the adaptation of morphing flight vehicles in multi environments and multi missions,and ultimately lead to better performance for morphing flight vehicles in comparison with conventional fixed-configuration flight vehicles.