世界主义与全球正义

Cosmopolitanism and Global Justice

在西方思想史上,世界主义观念有着悠久的传统,其核心理念是平等地对待每一个人。当代世界主义继承了古代世界主义的这一核心理念,并把它与人权概念相联系,在这个意义上,世界主义也就是道德世界主义或社会正义的世界主义。世界主义的全球正义观念把每个人作为道德考虑的终极单元,然而在面对全球贫困问题时,它所体现的彻底平等主义却不如功利主义的最大化效益原则更为有效。

The core concept of Cosmopolitanism, which has a long historical tradition in the history of Western thoughts, is to treat everyone equally. Contemporary Cosmopolitanism inherits the core viewpoint of the ancient one, and linked it with the concept of human rights. Thus Cosmopolitanism in this sense, is moral Cz）smopolitanism, or Cosmopolitanism of social justice. Regarding its concept of global justice, Cosmopolitanism views everyone as the ultimate unit of moral consideration. However, in the face of global poverty, the egalitarian idea embodied in Cosmopolitanism turns out to be less ef- fective than utilitarian maximization.