改革开放后中国城乡义务教育供给的制度分析(1978-2001年)

Analysis on China's Supply System of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education after the Reform and Open Policy

改革开放后,我国城乡义务教育供给责任的变迁有着自身的制度逻辑,它是政府、社会与受教育者三方共同作用的结果。从政府的角度来看,分权化改革与政府间的博弈导致城乡教育筹资责任的基层化与对制度外筹资的依赖。从社会在城乡义务教育供给当中扮演的角色来看,由市场化改革所引发的社会利益主体的多元化,导致城乡社会力量办学"摊派与营利"的不同表现。从受教育者对城乡教育制度变迁的影响来看,经济发展水平的提高引起公民对义务教育需求的变化,使受教育者的交费方式发生了从被动接受到主动选择的改变。其中体现出来的利益均衡原理,对当前我国所进行的城乡教育一体化制度建设具有启示意义。

After reform and open policy in China,how is urban and rural compulsory education supplied？ It is the tripartite interaction result of government ,society and the educated. From the perspective of government , there are two issues that require attention：decentralization reform and interaction between central government and local government. From the perspective of society,the social diversity of stakeholders that caused by the market reform,leads to different manifestations of “apportionment and profit-making”in the running of schools by non-governmental sectors in urban and rural. From the perspective of the educated ,with the development of the social economy,citizen demand for compulsory education has taken place corresponding changes,so that the way the educated paying changes from passive acceptance to actively choice. This embodied some basic institution design principles,such as balance of interests,which has significance of great inspiration for integrating urban and rural education.