知识管理在奥运会管理实践中的阐发:以“奥运会知识转让”为例

Elaboration on Knowledge Management in Olympic Games:A TOK Perspective

知识经济是一场以知识作为主要竞争要素的全新赛局。只有通过知识管理,才能实现对具有无限增值性和共享性的知识的占有和创新。在每一届奥运会的组织管理过程中,都会产生庞杂、宝贵、已大量流失的专业管理知识。"奥运会知识转让"(TOK)项目为智力成果无法共享的问题提供了一个最佳解决方案。运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法和实地调查法等研究方法,对TOK的基本内容、运作模式、重要价值和应用拓展进行深入剖析。研究认为:TOK将赛会中最有用的管理知识在最恰当的时间传递给最需要的人———下届奥组委和申办城市,使他们能够作出最优决策。TOK是一种典型的知识管理过程,包括知识获取、存储、分享、利用和创新5个步骤;TOK不但可以对赛会筹办、举办中的显性知识进行有效管理,还可以创造有利于隐性知识显性化的环境;对于TOK的应用范围可以适当拓展,并逐步对其进行本土化适应后再开发和后续利用。

Knowledge economy is a completely new competition in which knowledge functions as the main competitive element. Only through knowledge management can the possession and innovation of unlimit- edly value--added and shared knowledge be realized. Enormous and valuable professional management knowledge accumulated during the organisation and management of each Olympics has been easily lost. Transfer of Knowledge （TOK） provides an excellent solution for the problem that intelligent achievement cannot be shared. Adopting the research methods of literature review, logic analysis and field research, the present thesis conducts a thorough research in the basic content,operational model, significant value and practical application of TON. The results show that TOK program transfers the most useful knowledge at the rightest time to the entities in greatest need-future OCOGs and candidate cities, so as to assist them to make the best decision. TOK is a typical modal of knowledge management, including knowledge acquire- ment, storage, participation, utilization and innovation. TOK can contribute not only to the effective man- agement of explicit knowledge accumulated during the preparation and organisation of sport events, but the construction of a circumstance beneficial to the transformation of tacit knowledge to explicit knowl- edge. The field of application can be broadened if properly utilized. Meanwhile, redevelopment and reuti- lization can be applied after localization gradually being realized.