奥运会田径项目金牌区域归属的动态演变

Dynamic Evolution of Regional Acquisition of Olympic Gold Medals in Athletics

运用文献资料、数理统计等研究方法,对第22～29届奥运会田径各项目金牌的区域归属进行统计分析,结果表明：田径各项目金牌强势板块为欧洲、北美洲,较强势板块为非洲,弱势板块为亚洲、大洋洲及南美洲.强势板块中,欧洲各项目发展较为均衡,连续性稳定性较好,但随着时间的推进,其整体竞技实力呈减弱趋势;北美洲在速度性项目中,以绝对优势占据不可撼动的霸主席位,而且稳定性连续性较好,快速力量项目上有明显的性别差异.较强势板块中,非洲军团在奥运会田径竞赛项目上比较单调、各项目发展不均衡,主要以耐力性项目为主.弱势板块中,亚洲、大洋洲及南美洲没有形成连续稳定的发展项目,整体处于低发展水平.

Through the research methods of literature review and statistical analysis, this paper analyzes the regional acquisition of gold medals in athletics from 22th to 29th Olympic Games. The results show that the most powerful continents in acquiring gold medals in athletics are Europe and North America, after which is Africa, while Asia, Oceania and South America are the least powerful continents. Among the most powerful continents, the development of different games in athletics in Europe is more balanced and with better continuity and stability. However, the overall standard in athletics in Europe assumes the de- clining trend along with time. North America occupies an unshakable position in speed games and enjoys better continuity and stability although it exhibits apparent difference in different genders. Among the least powerful continents, Africa exhibits a rather monotonous feature in athletics in Olympic Games and, being strong in endurance games, the development of different games is not well-balanced. In contrast, there are no continuous and stable games in development in Asia, Oceania, South America, and the overall development on low level.