基于GAP分析的自然保护区管理效率评析

GAP Analysis of the Effectiveness of Natural Reserve Management in China

自然保护区有效管理日益成为学术界、政府部门和非政府组织关注的一个焦点,管理效率也成为自然保护区管理中不容回避的重要问题。本文基于GAP分析技术,构建包含一系列指标的自然保护区保护、管理、投资状况评价模型,基于2003-2010年国家级自然保护区相关统计数据,一方面在宏观大尺度上真实、全面并精确地反映全国范围内国家级自然保护区的保护、管理和投资工作;另一方面,通过2003-2010年的时间演变来反映国家级自然保护区的保护管理演进状况,进而通过叠加分析寻找存在管理和投资空缺的地区,以年份和单位发出预警,发现保护区保护水平除京九铁路沿线以外基本由西北向东南递减,管理和投资效率一直停留在较低水平,且很不稳定,尤其是内蒙古、新疆、青海、西藏、安徽、福建、海南多省亟待提高管理和投资水平。

Monitoring and managing natural reserves scientifically and efficiently is vital to sustainability and better visitor experiences.GAP analysis（a geographic approach to protect biological diversity） is a spatial analysis based on GIS and provides a more synthesized and macroscopic way to better implement resource and visitor management.First,we frame an assessment model with a series of indexes concerning diversity and the centrality of resources,protection level,management and investment level.Secondly,we modeled the change and current situation of protection,management and investment in different national natural reserves managed by the State Forestry Administration of China with a database from 2003 to 2010.We found that more than one third of provinces have a drop tendency concerning protection and investment conditions;the management conditions in most areas remain at low levels.The efficiency of management and investment were static during the eight year sample,especially in Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Tsinghai,Tibet,Anhui,Fujian and Hainan.Many of the funds established for the protection of heritage resources are being used in the wrong way;furthermore,most local governments take resources as a tool to gain revenue.