“过度教导”的危害与矫正对策

Harm of Over-teaching and its Countermeasures

"过度教导"是指教师在教学时通过采用一定的方法对教学内容做过度处理以至于学生过于容易地掌握原本超越其接受能力的教学内容的现象。它表现为教学内容过难、教导方式过度、教导时间过多等。过度教导培育了错误的知识观念,束缚了学习能力的发展,降低了学习的情感,抑制了学生的主体性。过度教导之所以流行,原因是多方面的:一是重知识的教育评价制度,二是对发展机制的错误认识,三是对教导作用的过分强调,四是教师缺乏基本的教学智慧。为减少乃至避免过度教导,应采取以下措施:重塑教学信念、实施有限教导、改革评价制度。

Over-teaching means teachers use some methods to make the teaching content over-easy for students to learn when the knowledge is challenging for students to understand and students are supposed to think by themselves. Over-teaching occurs when the teaching content is too hard for students to understand, teachers explain or lecture too much. Over-teaching misleads students＇ understanding of learning, impedes the development of learning ability and decreases students＇ passions and initiative in learning. There are four reasons of over-teaching, first, the current educational evaluation system only emphasizes knowledge; second, teachers and school leaders misunderstand students＇ developing law; third, teachers overestimate the role of lecturing; fourth, teachers are lack of the basic teaching wisdoms. In order to avoid over-teaching, we should reshape the faith in teaching, implement limited- teaching, and reform evaluation system.