黄土区旱地覆盖对小麦养分吸收及水分利用的影响

Effects of Mulching Modes on Nutrient Uptake and Water Use of Winter Wheat in Dryland of Loess Region

为寻找适宜黄土区旱地小麦高效栽培的覆盖方式,通过田间试验研究了几个不同覆盖方式对黄土区旱地冬小麦产量、养分吸收以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,全年地膜全覆盖方式对提高小麦产量、养分吸收和水分利用效率效果最好,该处理下小麦籽粒产量较不覆盖、夏闲期地膜全覆盖和夏闲期地膜麦草行间覆盖等处理分别增加21.9%、21.2%和20.8%,水分利用效率提高17.54%、13.02%和15.65%,同时籽粒吸收N、P、K总量较不覆盖增加45.7%、23.5%和21.4%,茎叶吸收N、P、K总量较不覆盖增加56.6%、172.9%和52.1%。夏闲期蓄水以夏闲期地膜麦草行间覆盖的效果最好,分别较不覆盖、夏闲期地膜全覆盖和全年地膜全覆盖等处理增加160.25%、39.3%和16.2%。综合考虑不同覆盖方式对小麦增产、养分吸收以及土壤蓄水保墒效果的影响,全年地膜全覆盖是黄土区旱作小麦较佳的栽培方式。

In order to find an efficient mulching method for winter wheat cultivation in dryland of Loess region, the effects of different mulching modes on winter wheat yield, nutrient uptake and water use efficiency （WUE） were evaluated in dryland of Loess Region by field trials. The results showed that effects of the mode of full film mulching throughout the year on the grain yield, nutrient uptake and WUE of winter wheat was the most obvious.Compared with the modes of no mulching , full film mulching of summer fallow period and film and straw mulching of summer fallow period, this mode increased grain yield by 21.9%, 21.2% and 20.8% and improved WUE by 17.54%, 13.02% and 15.65%. Compared with no mulching mode, the total uptake of N, P and K was increased by 45.7%, 23.5% and 21.4% in seeds and 56.6%, 172.9% and 52.1% in straw in the treatments of full film mulching throughout the year, full film mulching of summer fallow period, and film and straw mulching of summer fallow period, respectively. The effect on impoundment in summer fallow period of rainfall of the film and straw mulching of summer fallow period treatment was the best, which increased the impoundment of rainfall by 160.25%, 39.3% and 16.2% compared with no mulching, the full film mulching of summer fallow period and the full film mulching of throughout the year, respectively.This study comprehensively concluded that the mode of full film mulching throughout the year was the preferable mulching method for winter wheat on dryland of loess region.